Much of the existing research confirms the assumption that regular physical activity can play a crucial role in nonpharmacological therapy and quality-of-life management in cancer survivors. The treatment of oncological diseases itself brings about numerous undesirable side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, anxiety, depression, sarcopenia, polyneuropathy, cancer fatigue and sleep disorders.
Regular physical activity is associated with significant health benefits, including a lower risk of developing certain types of tumours and the elimination of the undesirable side-effects of oncological treatment.
A number of epidemiological studies found a correlation between regular physical activity and lower mortality linked to oncological diseases. The minimal amount of activity needed to attain this benefit has not been established, however, the recommendations of the ACSM indicate that at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity are needed per week.
Physical exercise as nonpharmacological treatment is part of the therapy for cancer survivors which aims to incorporate targeted, controlled exercise programmes within the overall treatment plan of the patients. Exercise programmes can be performed both during the illness as well as in the period prior to the treatment, or in the course of adjuvant antitumour treatment (including chemotherapy) and for the survivors.
When prescribing physical activity it is necessary to take into account the current health condition of the patient, including their comorbidities, age, and level of physical fitness.
If controlled physical activity is to become an indispensable part of oncological treatment, it will be necessary to prove the therapy is safe and cost-effective.
